Tissue repair and cytoprotection
Arkham Labs editorial/Published 8 September 2026/Revised 12 September 2026/Corrections policy
Compounds proposed to accelerate healing or protect tissue under stress, mostly through angiogenesis and matrix remodelling. The family’s recurring problem is that several members have no identified molecular target, so mechanism is inferred downstream rather than demonstrated at a binding site.
This family divides more sharply than any grade summary suggests. Thymosin β4 carries a real randomised programme — at least 248 confirmed enrolments across trials in dry eye, neurotrophic keratopathy, venous ulcers and STEMI. Nothing else here comes close.
Against that: BPC-157‘s entire peer-reviewed human record is twenty-nine subjects, from two uncontrolled series at one clinic, with no molecular target identified. TB-500 has no published human subjects at all. The two combination guides cover pairings that have never been tested as pairings in a person. And the family’s one approved compound, VIP, holds that grade on a narrow authorisation while its largest randomised trial — 461 in the modified intention-to-treat analysis — was null and stopped for futility.
- Guides in this family
- 8
- Peer-reviewed sources
- 178
- Grades represented
- Preclinical 4 · Early 2 · Approved 1 · Mixed 1
- ARA-290 (cibinetide)+Early Clinical
- BPC-157◦Preclinical
- BPC-157 and TB-500◦Preclinical
- GHK-Cu≠Mixed Evidence
- GHK-Cu, BPC-157 and TB-500◦Preclinical
- TB-500◦Preclinical
- Thymosin β4+Early Clinical
- VIP (vasoactive intestinal peptide)§Approved Pharma
The most commercially prominent family in the category, and the one whose two best-known members have never been tested in a controlled human trial.
For laboratory research use only. Not for human consumption. Nothing here is medical advice.